The charge operator Q is the self-adjoint linear operator on H that acts by multiplication by qi on the irreducible representation Hqi . It acts on H as the matrix q1 0 и и и 0 0q2 и и и 0 и и и и и и 0 0 и и и qn Q is
One way to understand the equations describing these orbits is to note that the dierent orbits correspond to dierent eigenvalues of the Poincar┤ e group Casimir operator 2 2 2 2P2 = P0 − P1 − P2...